GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA W PIGUŁCE WEDŁUG Bogumiła MIŁKOWSKIEGO
Forma I II III Forma I II III
Czasowniki: - regularne, np. play played played - nieregularne, np. speak spoke spoken
Słowa posiłkowe: do, does, did, have, has, had, been, will, shall, will be, is, are, am
Skróty, np. do not = don’t, have not = haven’t, is not = isn’t, I will = I’ll, will not = won’t,..
PRESENT SIMPLE
( teraźniejszy prosty )
/ Ja to zazwyczaj robię /
They go to school every day
Twierdzenie I
I / You / We / You / They/.................speak.....English
/ He / She / It/ ..............................speaks....English
Przeczenie
I / You /We / You /They/...do not.....speak....English
/He / She / It/................does not...speak....English
Pytanie
Do...I/ You/ We/ You/ They/…....….speak...English?
Does....He/ She/ It/..........................speak...English?
Określniki: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every, occasionally, seldom,…...............
PRESENT CONTINOUS
( teraźniejszy ciągły )
/ Ja teraz to robię /
They are going to school now.
Twierdzenie I + ing
I...............................am............speaking......English
He/She/It/.................is..............speaking......English
You/ We/ You/ They/..are.........speaking......English
Przeczenie
I,................................am not….speaking.....English
He/ She/ It..................is not.......speaking.....English
You/ We/ You/ They/..are not…speaking.....English
Pytanie
Am.......I.....................................speaking…English?
Is.........He/She/It/......................speaking....English?
Are.....You/We/You/They...........speaking...English?
Określniki: now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, these days,…...............
PRESENT PERFECT
(teraźniejszy dokonany)
/ Ja teraz to zrobiłem /
They have gone to school, they’re not here.
Twierdzenie III
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/.......have...spoken...English
He/ She/ It/..........................has.....spoken...English
Przeczenie
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/. .have not..spoken..English
He/ She/ It/......................has not…spoken..English
Pytanie
have.....I/ You/ We/ You/ They/....spoken..English?
has.......He/ She/ It........................spoken..English?
Określniki: just already, yet, recently, lately, since, for,…...............
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS
( teraźniejszy ciągły dokonany )
( Ja to robiłem i dalej to robię )
They have been going to school
for an hour now.
Twierdzenie I + ing
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/..have been...speaking...English
He/ She/ It/.....................has been.....speaking...English
Przeczenie
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/.have not been..speaking.English
He/ She/ It/...................has not been...speaking.English
Pytanie
have...I/ You/ We/ You/ They/..been..speaking..English?
has....He/ She/ It/.....................been..speaking..English?
Określniki: since Monday, for two weeks,…...............
PAST SIMPLE
( przeszły prosty )
/ Ja to zwyczajowo robiłem albo raz zrobiłem /
They went to school yesterday.
Twierdzenie II
I / You / He/ She/ It/.........................spoke.......English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie I
I / You / He/ She/ It/.........did not...speak…...English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie I
Did......You/ He/She/.......................speak.....English?
We/ You/ They/
Określniki: yesterday, days ago, weeks ago, years ago, on December 5,…...............
PAST CONTINOUS
( przeszły ciągły )
/ Ja to robiłem w danym momencie/
They were going to school when
the bus stopped.
Twierdzenie I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.........was.......speaking......English
We/ You/ They/.............were.......speaking......English
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....was not.....speaking.....English
We/ You/ They/..........were not.....speaking.....English
Pytanie
Was.......I/ She/ He/ She/ It/......speaking.... English?
Were......You/ We/ You/ They/...speaking.....English?
Określniki: while, as, when,…...............
PAST PERFECT
( przeszły dokonany)
/ Ja to zrobiłem w przeszłości, zanim stało się coś innego /
They had gone to school before they took their
exam.
Twierdzenie III
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/....had..spoken...English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.had not...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
had..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/...spoken..English?
We/ You/ They/
Określniki: after, before, by the time, already, just,…...............
PAST PERFECT
CONTINOUS
( przeszły ciągły dokonany )
/ Ja to w przeszłości, w danym momencie, robiłem już od jakiegoś czasu /
They had been going to school before
the car crashed.
Twierdzenie I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/...had been......speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..had not been...speaking...English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
Had..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.. been..speaking..English?
We/You/They/
Określniki: for, before, morning, evening,…...............
FUTURE SIMPLE
( przyszły prosty )
/ Ja to zwyczajowo będę miał zrobione/
They will go to school tomorrow.
Twierdzenie I
I / You / He/ She/ It/.... ..will.......speak...English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I / You / He/ She/ It/.....will not...speak....English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
Will....I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..........speak..English?
We/ You/ They/
Określniki: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, in two, four days, soon, in a moment,…...............
FUTURE CONTINOUS
( przyszły ciągły )
/ Ja to będę robił w danym momencie/
They will be going to school at this
time tomorrow.
Twierdzenie I + ing
I / You / He/ She/ It/....will be.....speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..will be not...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
Will..I/ You / He/ She/ It/....be..speaking..English?
We/ You/ They/
Określniki: at 5 tomorrow,…...............
FUTURE PERFECT
(przyszły dokonany)
/Ja będę miał to skończone w danym momencie /
They will have gone to school by this
time tomorrow.
Twierdzenie III
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....will have...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/She/It/..will not have...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
Will..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..have...spoken..English?
We/You/They/
Określniki: by then,…...............
FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINOUS
( przyszły ciągły dokonany )
/Ja to będę robił w danym momencie już od jakiegoś czasu/
They will have already been
going to school for half an hour
at this time tomorrow
Twierdzenie I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....will have been...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Przeczenie
I/ You/ He/She/It/..will not have been...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Pytanie
Will..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..have been...speaking..English?
We/You/They/
Określniki: already for 5 hours at 5 tomorrow,…...............
Często używane czasowniki nieregularne
| arise | arose | arisen | pojawić się |
| awake | awoke | awoken | budzić |
| be | was | been | być |
| become | become | become | stać się |
| begin | began | begun | zacząć |
| bite | bit | bitten | gryźć |
| blow | blew | blown | dmuchać |
| break | broke | broken | łamać, psuć |
| bring | brought | brought | przynieść |
| build | built | built | budować |
| burn | burnt | burnt | spalić |
| buy | bought | bought | kupić |
| catch | caught | caught | łapać |
| choose | chose | chosen | wybrać |
| come | came | come | przyjść |
| cost | cost | cost | kosztować |
| cut | sut | cut | kroić |
| do | did | done | robić |
| draw | drew | drawn | rysować, ciągnąć |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | maszyć, śnić |
| drink | drank | drunk | pić, wypić |
| drive | drove | driven | kierować |
| eat | ate | eaten | jeść |
| fall | fell | fallen | upaść |
| feed | fed | fed | karmić |
| feel | felt | felt | czuć, dotykać |
| fight | fought | fought | walczyć |
| find | found | found | znaleźć |
| fly | flew | flown | latać, pilotować |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | zapomnieć |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | wybaczyć |
| freeze | froze | frozen | zamarzać |
| get | got | got | zostać, dostać |
| give | gave | given | dać |
| go | went | gone | iść, jechać |
| grow | grew | grown | rosnąć |
| have | had | had | mieć |
| hear | heard | heard | słyszeć |
| hide | hid | hidden | chować |
| hit | hit | hit | trafiać |
| hold | held | held | trzymać |
| keep | kept | kept | trzymać |
| know | knew | known | wiedzieć |
| lay | laid | laid | kłaść |
| lead | led | led | prowadzić |
| learn | learnt | learnt | uczyć |
| leave | left | left | opuszczać |
| lend | lent | lent | pożyczać |
| let | let | let | pozwolić |
| lose | lost | lost | stracić |
| make | made | made | robić, produkować |
| meet | met | met | spotkać |
| pay | paid | paid | płacić |
| put | put | put | położyć |
| read | read | read | czytać |
| ride | rode | ridden | jeździć |
| ring | rang | rung | dzwonić |
| run | ran | run | biec |
| say | said | said | mówić |
| see | saw | seen | widzieć |
| sell | sold | sold | sprzedać |
| send | sent | sent | wysłać |
| set | set | set | nastawiać |
| shoot | shot | shot | strzelić, zastrzelić |
| show | showed | shown | pokazać |
| shut | shut | shut | zamknąć |
| sing | sang | sung | śpiewać |
| sit | sat | sat | siedzieć |
| sleep | slept | slept | spać |
| smell | smelt | smelt | czuć zapach |
| speak | spoke | spoken | mówić |
| spend | spent | spent | wydawać, spędzać |
| stand | stood | stood | stać, wstać |
| steal | stole | stolen | kraść |
| swear | swore | worn | przysięgać |
| swim | swam | swum | pływać |
| take | took | taken | brać |
| teach | taught | taught | uczyć |
| tell | told | told | powiedzieć |
| thing | thought | thought | myśleć |
| throw | threw | thrown | rzucać |
| understand | understood | understood | rozumieć |
| wake | woke | woken | obudzić |
| wear | wore | worn | ubierać |
| win | won | won | wygrywać |
| write | wrote | written | pisać |